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DNS Security Best PracticesĭNS servers are a frequent target of cyber-attacks. The recommendation for having at least two DNS servers remains in effect here as well. This way, you also take the burden off the remote server in HQ and improve its performance. Using the closest DNS server improves load times for all machines. Moreover, the number is usually much below that value. In this case, latency does not go higher than 50ms. By pointing users’ machines to a local or closest nameserver, response times are reduced to a minimum. One centralized set of DNS servers can handle all requests, but with more latency. With a high number of clients, the number of DNS queries grows. When a query travels across WAN to a remote nameserver, a user gets longer load times. The reason is a local server reduces response times for DNS requests. If the infrastructure allows, you should set up a local DNS server in every office. Large organizations often have offices around the globe.
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In case of an issue, this server responds to all queries until the primary server is back up and running. The secondary DNS server contains all records and acts as a backup. Even when the primary DNS server fails, there will be no connectivity issues. In internal environments, you need to set both the primary and secondary DNS to an internal nameserver. If you set a device to use an external DNS, such as Google’s 8.8.8.8, you will not be able to use internal resources. External DNS servers cannot resolve hostnames of internal devices.įor instance, when a computer DESKTOP1 sends a DNS query for office-printer or a server hr-1, only an internal DNS can provide a resource record. To allow devices on one domain to talk to each other, you need to point them to an internal DNS server. The answer to this question depends on the internal setup. Should I Use an External or Internal DNS Server? As a rule of thumb, hide the DNS servers and the data from users that do not need to have access to them. If you leave primary DNS servers visible to all internal users, that may become a significant security issue. Responding only to iterative queries for the respective zones a server is authoritative for, is a high-performance configuration.įinally, only system admins and IT personnel should have access to primary servers within your organization.
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There is no need for external users to query your recursive DNS servers. If a DNS server is accessible from outside your network, that server needs to be an authoritative-only DNS server. Only secondary DNS servers should address requests from end-users. Records for these servers should not be available in any publicly accessible nameserver database. Primary servers must not be visible to external users. This is especially important if your domain names need to be visible by the public. Not every DNS server and each piece of information need to be made available to all users.įirst, make accessible only the servers and the data necessary for the individuals using these servers. You can ensure that there will never come a time when there are no services available for an end-user. Continuous replication from primary to secondary servers will keep your DNS records in sync and safe from failures. An IP of an internal DNS server can be any address within a private network IP range.īy making DNS servers redundant, you can achieve high availability of the DNS infrastructure. Admins configure machines to use secondary DNS automatically if the primary is not responsive.
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If one DNS server runs into an issue, the other one takes over immediately.